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Abstracto
Ethanol Leaf Extract of Anacardium occidentale Ameliorates Alloxan Induced Changes on Blood Glucose Level and Lipid Profile of Wistar Rats
OD Oshan Abu1*, KE Imafidon1and O Obayuwana2
Background: It is estimated that by the year 2030 the number of persons with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) would increase to 366 million. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a condition primarily defined by the level of hyperglycemia giving rise to risk of microvascular damage (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy).
Aim: To investigate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale on blood glucose level and lipid profile of diabetic rats.
Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (n=30) weighing 150 g-200 g (mean weight=175 g ± 25 g) were randomly assigned to 6 groups (5 rats/group): Normal control, diabetic control and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO), metformin, extract and treatment groups. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) was induced via intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared alloxan monohydrate solution at a dose of 120 mg/kg Body Weight (BWT). Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) level was assayed using glucometer. Lipid profile parameters and activities of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) were determined using their respective kits.
Results: Treatment of diabetic rats with aqueous extract of A. occidentale leaves significantly reduced their body weights (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences in the relative weights of kidney, pancreas and liver among the groups (p>0.05). Treatment of diabetic rats with aqueous extract of A. occidentale leaves led to significant and time dependent reductions in their FBG levels, as well as activities of ALT and ALP (p<0.05). It also significantly reduced the circulating levels of Triacylglycerol (TG), Total Cholesterol (TC), Very Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (VLDL-C) and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C), but significantly increased High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) (p<0.05).
Conclusion: These results suggest that aqueous extract of Anacardium occidentale leaves mitigates diabetogenic action of alloxan in wistar rats.