Revista de Patología Vegetal y Microbiología

Abstracto

Host Plant Response of Sesame (Sesamumindicum L.) Varieties to Sesame Bacterial Blight Diseases in South Omo Zone

Misgana Mitiku1*, Yosef Berihun2, Kedir Bamud2, Tekle Yosef2, Yesuf Eshete2, Wondimu Adila2

Sesame (Sesamumindicum L.) is one of economically important oil crops in Ethiopia. The production and yield of sesame affected by both biotic and abiotic factors. Among the biotic factors, sesame bacterial blight is a major constraint across the major sesame growing areas. A field experiment was conducted on the Bena-Tsemay Woreda farmer’s field at Enchete and Chali kebeles under irrigated and rain-fed conditions, respectively in 2019 main cropping season. This study aimed to evaluate sesame varieties for their resistance reaction to sesame bacterial blight under natural infection in the target areas. A total of seven varieties were used in the experiment by using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. In both locations, the lowest disease severity was recorded in Humera-1 variety (15.93% and 39.26%) in Enchete and Chali respectively. Humera-1 variety was significantly different (p<0.05) from Adi and Abasena varieties for both kebeles in disease severity. The highest disease severity was recorded on Adi variety (68.15% and 42.60%) both in Chali and Enchete kebeles respectively.Humera-1, Dicho, and Walin were grouped as moderately resistant in Enchete but moderately susceptible in Chali. The analysis of variance showed that significant differences (p<0.05 in seed yield). The mean maximum yield (1071.7 kg/ha and 752.63 kg/ha) was also obtained from the variety Humera-1 in Chali and Enchete respectively. The minimum yield (553.61 kg/ha and 100.28 kg/ha) was recorded in Adi variety in Chali and Enchete respectively. Humera-1 had the lowest disease development and had the highest seed yield than the rest of the varieties tested in both locations. Thus, variety Humera-1 is identified as the most promising variety to be produced in both locations of Bena-Tsemay woreda and other similar agro-ecologies. Next to Humera-1, Dicho in Chali and Obsain Enchete locations perform better in lowering of bacterial blight disease and gave higher yield.